Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus albus is distributed in the Amazon, Tocantins and Araguaia basins, South America.

PH: 5.0 – 7.0

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 1 – 15

Description: Triportheus albus can reach a maximum length of 15 cm in an aquarium.   This species has a pointed head and a snout that looks straight in profile.  Its nostrils are close together and it has a large eye without an adipose eyelid.   

Diet: Triportheus albus is probably omnivorous and will accept live, frozen and dried foods.  You might choose to feed it fruits, nuts, insects and seeds.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits as yet.

Comments: Triportheus albus should be housed in a tank that is at least 110 litres in volume.  You should probably give it plenty of swimming space as it will often be dwelling just below the water’s surface, along with a fair amount of floating vegetation.  This species will need a high oxygen concentration in its tank. Remember to put a tight-fitting lid on the top of your tank to stop the fish from jumping out.  Given there is not a lot of information available on Triportheus albus, it is probably not suitable for beginners.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus albus should not be kept with small, timid tank mates. They will live happily with large  Tetra species . They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, CorydorasCatfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbaiand Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common  Platy and most Gourami(such as the Blue Gourami and Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) and also many of the larger Killifish make great tank mates.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 22:21:00. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Originally posted 2009-11-05 07:12:31. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The species Anostomus plicatus is distributed in South America’s Essequibo River basin.

PH: 5.0 – 6.0

Temperature: 24 – 28°C (75 – 84°F)

Hardness: 5 – 12 dH

Description: There is little information on Anostomus plicatus available.  This freshwater species can reach up to 10 cm in length.

Diet: We can presume that this species, like Anostomus anostomus, is an omnivore and will accept flake, algae, frozen foods and small live foods such as freeze-dried bloodworms and shrimp.  However there is no actual information available as to this species’ diet.

Breeding: There is little information on this species’ breeding habits.  It most likely breeds in a similar fashion to Anostomus anostomus.  Assuming this is the case, you should separate the males and females and stacking them up on live foods, before reintroducing them into the tank.  If you are successful in getting this species to spawn, you should take the parents from the tank immediately: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You should provide this species with at least a 50 gallon tank.  Provide roots, plants and caves for effective housing.  Not much is known about this species in the aquarium world.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: Anostomus plicatus could probably be housed with the same species Anostomus anostomus is compatible with: peaceful cichlids, Rainbowfish, Guppies, Platies, Swordtails, Loaches, Mollies, and Barbs.  However there is no specific information available on this species.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 11:31:32. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus magdalenae is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s Magdalena River basin, in Columbia.  It is the only member of this genus known from this region.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus magdalenae can reach a maximum length of 19 cm.  It has one longitudinal scale row between its pectoral-fin insertion and the ventral keel, as opposed to the usual Triportheus practice of having two longitudinal scale rows.  It has an elongated body and a silvery-yellow colouration.  The outline of the posterior margin of its caudal fin is dark.  Males reportedly have a more elongated body than females, but sexing is nonetheless difficult.

Diet: Triportheus magdalenae will presumably take most foods in an aquarium environment, including live, frozen and dried foods. 

Breeding: Like so many members of its genus, there is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits.

Comments: Triportheus magdalenae should be housed in a tank at least 180 litres in volume, perhaps larger.  Triportheus magdalenae is rarely seen in the aquarium environment and there is scant information available, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus magdalenae should be housed with peaceful, similar-sized species that have similar tank requirements.   

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:56:18. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus guentheri is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is distributed in the Sao Francisco River basin, South America.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus guentheri can reach a maximum length of 14 cm.  It has often been confused with Triportheus brachipomus, but they differ in the number of anal-fin rays and lateral-line scales.  This species appears to have a yellow-silver colouration; the dorsal portion of its head and its snout are a darker colour.  It has a longitudinal stripe that broadens into a dark spot on the lateral surface of its caudal peduncle.  Its body is darker above the stripe and its caudal fin has a dark pigmentation as an outline.

Diet: Triportheus guentheri will take most foods in an aquarium environment.  It will probably accept live, frozen and dried foods.  A diverse range of fruits, nuts, insects and seeds may prove to be your best bet.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits.  It appears it is yet to be bred in aquaria.  In the wild, this species has adhesive eggs and fractional spawning; it is said to spawn between the months of November and February when reservoirs are at their lowest levels.

Comments: Triportheus guentheri should be housed in a tank at least 120 litres in volume, perhaps larger.  This species will probably require a high oxygen concentration in its tank, although it may be quite hardy considering it is used to fluctuating oxygen levels in the wild. Triportheus guentheri is rarely seen in the aquarium environment and there is hardly any information available on it, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus guentheri should be housed with peaceful, similar-sized species that share the same water parameters.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:54:03. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus curtus is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is distributed in South America’s Amazon River basin.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus curtus is a deep-bodied member of the Triporthus genus that can reach a maximum length of 10.7 cm.  It has two longitudinal scale rows before its pectoral fin insertion and the ventral keel, as opposed to most Triportheus who have only one row.  It appears to have a yellow-silver colouration and a variety of small, dark spots scattered over its body. 

Diet: Triportheus curtus will probably accept most foods in an aquarium environment.  You might try feeding it a flake alongside a variety of live and frozen foods.

Breeding: Like so many of its genus, there is not a lot of documentation regarding its breeding habits.  It may still be yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus curtus is a decent-sized fish that should probably housed in at least a 60 inch tank, preferably bigger.  Triportheus curtus is not a very popular aquarium fish and there is hardly any information available on it, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus curtus is somewhat of a mystery and there is no information available on compatible tank mates, but it should be housed with peaceful, similar-sized species.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:49:34. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus brachipomus is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is distributed in South America’s Rio Orinoco, Essequibo River, Courantijne River, Maroni River, Demerara River and the Araguari drainages.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus brachipomus is an elongated Triporthus species that can reach a maximum length of 22 cm.  Its head appears slightly convex when viewed in profile, as does its body from the rear of its head to its dorsal fin.  It has four rows of scales on its caudal peduncle and a large scale row between the mid-ventral keel and its pectoral-fin insertion.

Diet: Triportheus brachipomus will most likely accept live, frozen and dried foods in an aquarium environment.  A diverse range of fruits, nuts, insects and seeds may work well.

Breeding: Not a lot is written about this species’ breeding habits.  It appears it is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus brachipomus is a decent-sized fish that should probably housed in a tank of least 200 litres in volume.  It may be wise to add a fair amount of floating vegetation and a sandy substrate in order to emulate its natural environment.  This species will probably require a high oxygen concentration in its tank. Triportheus brachipomus is rarely seen in the aquarium environment and there is hardly any information available on it, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: There is barely any information on Triportheus brachipomus, but it should probably not be kept with small, timid tank mates. 

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:44:07. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus pictus is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s Amazon River basin, in Brazil.  It has been collected from the Rio Hyutahy, Rio Jutai and the Solimoes tributary.

PH: 6.0 – 7.0

Temperature: 22°C – 28C (72 – 82F)

Hardness: 0 – 15

Description: Triportheus pictus can reach a maximum length of about 11 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a mostly yellow colouration with some silver regions.  Its snout, dorsal portion of the head and supraorbital regions are all a dark colour, and it has a silver stripe that extends from its opercle to the caudal peduncle.

Diet: Triportheus pictus will take similar foods to most Triportheus species, particularly aquatic insects, detritus and vegetable fragments.  It’s a safe bet that this omnivore will take most foods in an aquarium environment, including insects, frozen and dried foods.  . 

Breeding: There is not a great deal of documentation available on the breeding habits of Triportheus pictus.  Many Triportheus species are yet to be bred in aquaria.

Comments: Triportheus pictus should be housed in a tank at least 100 litres in volume or larger.  There is limited information available in regards to tank requirements, so beginners should probably steer clear of this presumably rare species.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus pictus should be housed with similar-sized species of a peaceful temperament.

Originally posted 2010-01-27 02:37:08. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Information will be coming soon

Originally posted 2009-11-05 03:31:44. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus rotundatus, commonly known as the Catalina Tetra, is a benthopelagic freshwater species found in South America’s Amazon River basin and in coastal drainages of the Guianas.  It can generally be found in rivers and creeks that have very little current.

PH: 6.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 24°C – 27C (75 – 81F)

Hardness: 1 – 18

Description: Triportheus rotundatus can reach a maximum length of about 18 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a mostly silver colouration and 5 – 6 brown, longitudinal stripes; its snout and dorsal portion of the head are both of a dark colour.  It has a dark anal-fin margin and very dark middle caudal-fin rays.  Young Catalina Tetras will have large dark blotches along their body that will fade with age into a pure silver colour. 

Diet: Triportheus rotundatus is a surface feeding creature that will take similar foods to most Triportheus species, particularly aquatic insects, detritus and vegetable fragments.  It will eat flakes, but it loves bloodworms, brine shrimp and mosquito larvae.

Breeding: Like so many members of its genus, there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus rotundatus.  It appears it is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.   In the wild, this species will reproduce during the rainy season.

Comments: Triportheus rotundatus should be housed in a tank at least 180 litres in volume or larger.  You should have plenty of large, open swimming areas near the top of your tank.  Do not add floating plants to your tank as they will simply be obstacles.  Make sure you put in several hiding spaces in the form of driftwood, plants and rocks.  Be careful if moving the Catalina Tetra between tanks as it is very sensitive to changes in water parameters.  This species does require moderate care and it is recommended to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus rotundatus is a very active species that will dwell at the top of the tank and ignore those tank mates below.  Peaceful, middle-bottom dwelling species are recommended as tank mates.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 02:39:55. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: Abramites hypselonotus is distributed in the South American waters of Orinoco, Amazon, Paraguay and the lower Parana River basins.  They are typically found in fast-flowing waters and rivers with plenty of rocks.

PH: 6.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 23 – 27°C (73 – 81°F)

Hardness: 2 – 18 dH

Description: The Marbled Headstander can reach a maximum length of 14 cm.  This species has a distinctive pointed snout and a diamond-shaped body.  It has a dark line at the bottom of its caudal peduncle, dark brown bands and some brown markings on its pelvic fin. This species is incredibly hard to sex, although males tend to have a lump on their belly.  On a positive note, the Marbled Headstander can live for an impressive 14 years – if cared for properly.

Diet: The Marbled Headstander is herbivorous and will enjoy lettuce and peas on top of its processed food diet.  You can even feed it bloodworms and mosquito larvae on special occasions.

Breeding: Abramites hypselonotus has not yet been bred in an aquarium environment; there is little information available on its breeding requirements.

Comments: You should keep this species in a typical South American tank setup with plenty of hiding spaces – roots are a good idea – and room to swim.  Provide rocks to simulate its natural environment.  Be careful; it will eat any plants you have.  If you desperately want to have plants in your tank, make sure they are tough ones – Java Fern is an example of a hardy, durable plant.  Also, make sure you cover your tank: this species has been known to jump straight out of the tank.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: The Marbled Headstander can have a bit of an attitude towards other species, so be wary when selecting tank mates.  It can be compatible with Silver Dollars and Severums, as well as medium-sized Cichlids.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 10:36:20. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus orinocensis is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s Rio Orinoco basin, in Venezuela.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus orinocensis can reach a maximum length of about 14 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a yellow-brownish colour and a dark snout.  Its body has a dark mid-lateral line that goes from the supracleithrum to the caudal peduncle; the stripe broadens in a wider dark spot on the lateral surface of the caudal peduncle.  Its body is darker on the dorsal side of the stripe.  This species is a recent discovery in comparison to other members of the genus.

Diet: Triportheus orinocensis, an omnivore, will presumably eat foods in an aquarium environment, including insects, frozen and dried foods. 

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus orinocensis.  It is certainly not a mainstream fish within the hobby.

Comments: Triportheus orinocensis should be housed in a tank at least 140 litres in volume or larger.  There is very little information available in regards to tank requirements, so beginners should probably steer clear of this species.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus orinocensis should be housed with peaceful, similar-sized species that have similar tank requirements.  Little is known about this species as yet, considering it is a recent discovery.  It is rarely seen in the hobby.

Originally posted 2010-01-27 02:00:07. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Information will be coming soon

Originally posted 2009-11-05 03:29:43. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Achiridae

Distribution: Trinectes maculatus, commonly known as the Hogchoker, has its origins in the Western Atlantic, from Massachusetts and the northern Gulf o Mexico down to Venezuela, South America.  This species is found in coastal and fresh waters, and can reach a depth of 75 metres.

PH: 6.0 – 8.0

Temperature: 5°C – 22C (41 – 72F)

Salinity: 1.005

Description: Trinectes maculatus can reach a length of 20 cm in an aquarium.   This species is usually brown to dark brown in its colouration and is has a series of spots and stripes across its body.  Its tail and fins are frayed at the sides for camouflage purposes.  This species has both its eyes and mouth on the right side of its body.  Its eyes are small and it has a white underside.

Diet: Trinectes maculatus will eat all foods that sink to the bottom of the tank.  You should avoid feeding this species any vegetables; it is best to stick to live foods and, if you train it well enough, some sinking pellets.

Breeding: Hogchokers do not breed in aquariums.  It is likely they spawn at sea or in estuaries, but there is little information available on their breeding habits as yet.

Comments: Trinectes maculatus should be housed in a tank that is at least 20 gallons in volume.  This fish will spend a lot of its time attached to driftwood, rocks and the glass. It should not be kept in freshwater; keep the water slightly brackish at around the 1.005 mark.  Make sure the substrate you use is soft and fine; a gravelly substrate can hurt this fish.  Importantly, the Hogchoker needs a high oxygen concentration in its tank. This species requires a moderate level of care and is probably not suitable for beginners.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Trinectes maculatus should not be kept with small defenceless species because while they are not that predatory, they may just eat small tank mates.  You can keep Hogchokers with top-dwellers such as hatchetfish, killifish and rainbowfish.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 22:18:34. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Silver Shark)
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Originally posted 2009-11-05 21:44:47. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Mormyridae

Distribution: Campylomormyrus cassaicus, otherwise known as the Donkey-faced Elephant Nose, is a species distributed in the affluent River Kasai, in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

PH: 6.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 23°C – 28°C (73 – 82F)

Hardness: 3 – 12 dH

Description: Campylomormyrus cassaicus, a truly bizarre looking species, can reach a maximum length of 20 cm.  The long “nose” is actually a lower lip, which it uses to hunt small crustaceans and insects in its natural environment.  This species is very rare and, as such, there is not a great deal of information on it. 

Diet: All Mormyrids have a preference for bloodworms, black worms and tubifex – both live and frozen.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species; presumably it has not been bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Campylomormyrus cassaicus, given its size, should be kept in a tank of at least 55 gallons in volume.  You should provide hiding places in the form of tubes, pipes, pot plants, and plenty of wood.  Keep your tank well-planted – making sure the plants are large and not easily destroyed – and ensure you have a fine sand substrate for it to burrow in.  Given the lack of information on this species, it should only be attempted by experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: There is not a lot of information on Campylomormyrus cassaicus, but given its similarities with Campylomormyrus tamandua, it might live happily with most Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They are also likely to be great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, Corydoras Catfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami (such as the Blue Gouramiand Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also could live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danio and Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish could make great tank mates.

Originally posted 2010-01-05 11:59:30. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus culter is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is distributed in South America’s Amazon River basin.  It has been collected from the small tributaries of the Ampiyacu River and also from the Ucayali River to the mouth of the Rio Negro.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus culter is an elongated Triporthus species that can reach a maximum length of 24 cm.  It has a long pectoral fin and thin, large scales.  It has a pointed head when viewed in profile and a straight, slightly blunted snout.  The ventral profile of its head is vertically straight, while its body is arched from the isthmus to the pelvic-fin insertion when viewed in profile.  It seems to have a dark mid-lateral stripe that extends from its supraclethium to the caudal peduncle. 

Diet: Triportheus culter, like Triportheus angulatus, will most likely accept live, frozen and dried foods in an aquarium environment.  A diverse range of fruits, nuts, insects and seeds may work well.  Bloodworms and brine shrimp will also be well received.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits; it is possibly yet to be bred in aquaria.

Comments: Triportheus culter is a decent-sized fish that should probably housed in a tank no less than 200 litres in volume, preferably bigger.  This species will probably require a high oxygen concentration in its tank, not to mention a great deal of open swimming space. Triportheus culter is a rarity within the hobby and there is hardly any information available on it, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: There is not a great deal of information on Triportheus culter but it is sensible to avoid housing it with small, timid tank mates.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:46:12. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: Anostomus ternetzi, better known as Headstander, is distributed in the fast-flowing rivers of South America.  It is seen in the Araguaia, Orinoco and Amazon River basis, as well as coastal rivers of Guianas.

PH: 5.5 – 7.5

Temperature: 24 – 28°C (76 – 84°F)

Hardness: 8 – 20 dH

Description: The Headstander, which can reach up to 15 cm in length, has a long, pike-like body.  Its colour can ranges from brown to black and has three yellow stripes that go along its body.  This species has transparent fins, appointed head and an upturned mouth.  You can expect the Headstander to live for 5 – 8 years if looked after properly.

Diet: Anostomus ternetzi is an omnivore and will accept flake, algae and small live foods such as shrimp and bloodworm.  You can also indulge this species with vegetables – lettuce and spinach tend to be well received – and it may take a few bites from your plants.  It is very important to keep algae as a staple diet; it is required to keep the fish in good health.

Breeding: The Headstander is a spawning fish; so far there have been no reported cases of successful breeding in the hobby.  Headstanders, as a rule, are usually best bred by separating the males and females and stacking them up on live foods, before reintroducing them into a prepared, spawning-friendly tank.  You might consider increasing the temperature slightly and covering the aquarium with a towel – in order to create a dark “mood light” and to keep the temperature up – in order to trigger spawning.  Take the parents from the tank once the deed has been done: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You will need to allow this fish quite a lot of space in your aquarium.  About 120 litres is a good volume for 4 – 5 Headstanders.  Make sure you cover the top of your tank, as this fish can quite often jump straight out.  This is an interesting and visually appealing fish, but beginners should not attempt to breed it as it is a near-impossible task.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: This species can be territorial at times and you should house them in groups of six to avoid clashes.  Headstanders can be housed with peaceful cichlids or short-finned characins.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 11:02:22. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus paranensis, sometimes known as Tetra, is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s La Plata River, throughout the Parana River, and in the Cuenca del Bermejo in Salta.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus paranensis can reach a maximum length of about 19 cm.  This species is very similar to Triportheus nematurus and is said to be a junior synonym of that species.  Its body is compressed and its head is short.  It also has a blunt snout, a small mouth and a truncated dorsal fin.  Triportheus paranensis is mostly a silver colouration, but its spokes are a black hue.

Diet: Triportheus paranensis will take similar foods to most Triportheus species, particularly aquatic insects, detritus and vegetal fragments.  This omnivore will presumably take most foods in an aquarium environment, including insects, frozen and dried foods.  There is no reason to believe its diet will be that different from most Triportheus species.   

Breeding: Like so many members of its genus, there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus paranensis.

Comments: Triportheus paranensis should be housed in a tank at least 140 litres in volume or larger.  There is scant information available in regards to tank requirements, so beginners should probably steer clear of this species.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus paranensis is certainly not a popular species within the aquarium hobby as yet, considering it is a recent discovery.  Make sure you house it with similar-sized species of a peaceful temperament.

Originally posted 2010-01-27 02:35:23. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus auritus is a benthopelagic freshwater species distributed in Brazil’s Amazon River, the Tocantins and Araguia basins, and the Orinoco River basin, Trinidad.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus auritus is an elongated Triporthus species that can reach up to 24 cm in the wild.  This species is distinguished by the longitudinal scale row it has between the ventral keel and its pectoral-fin insertion.  It also has 22 – 28 gill rakes and 40 – 46 lateral-line scales on its body.

Diet: Triportheus auritus presumably shares similar feeding habits to other members of the Triportheus family.  It will most likely accept live, frozen and dried foods in an aquarium environment.  You might feed it a range of fruits, nuts, insects and seeds.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits.  It is unlikely to have been bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus auritus should probably housed in a tank that is at least 140 litres in volume.  It might be a good idea, given its similarities to Triportheus angulatus, to add a fair amount of floating vegetation and a sandy substrate.  This species will probably require a high oxygen concentration in its tank. Triportheus auritus is rarely seen in the aquarium environment and is probably best suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: There is barely any information on Triportheus auritus, but it should probably not be kept with small, timid tank mates.  Like Triportheus angulatus, it could probably work with some South American cichlids, catfish and similarly sized characins.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:41:14. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Toxotes jaculatrix (Archer Fish)
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Originally posted 2009-11-06 13:43:51. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Epalzeorhynchos bicolor (Albino Redtail Shark)
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Originally posted 2009-11-05 12:03:32. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The species Anostomus anostomus, better known as Striped Headstander, is distributed in South America’s Orinoco and Amazon River basins, the rivers of Venezuela and Columbia, and there are reports it has been seen in Suriname.

PH: 6.0 – 8.0

Temperature: 22 – 28°C (72 – 84°F)

Hardness: 5 – 12 dH

Description: The Striped Headstander can reach up to 16 cm in length. This semi-aggressive species has an upward mouth and cigar-shaped body.  Its stripes can ranges from brown to black, with alternating yellow stripes, and its tail and dorsal fin are a distinctive red colouration.  This species has transparent fins, appointed head and an upturned mouth.  You can expect the Striped Headstander to live for 5 – 8 years if looked after properly.

Diet: Anostomus anostomus is an omnivore and will accept flake, algae, frozen foods and small live foods such as freeze-dried bloodworms and shrimp.

Breeding: There have been no reported cases of successful breeding in the hobby.  You should separate the males and females and stacking them up on live foods, before reintroducing them into a prepared, spawning-friendly tank.  You might consider increasing the temperature slightly and covering the aquarium with a towel – in order to create a dark “mood light” and to keep the temperature up – in order to trigger spawning.  Take the parents from the tank once the deed has been done: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You should provide this species with at least a 50 gallon tank.  It may be a good idea to decorate your tank with driftwood, rocks and roots, but be wary that the Striped Headstander may eat your plants.  Keep a lid on the aquarium as this species will jump out if given the chance.

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Recommended Compatible Species: This species can display some aggression at times and you should house them in groups of six to avoid clashes.  Striped Headstanders can be housed with peaceful cichlids, Rainbowfish, Guppies, Platies, Swordtails, Loaches, Mollies, and Barbs.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 11:12:40. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Cyprinidae

Distribution: Balantiocheilos melanopterus, or Bala Shark, is distributed throughout the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, the Malay Peninsula, and parts of Sumatra and Borneo.  It is found in mid-sized rivers and lakes at a mid-range depth.

PH: 6.0 – 8.0

Temperature: 22°C -28°C (70 – 82F)

Hardness: 5 – 12 dH

Description: Balantiocheilos melanopterus can reach the reasonable size of 35 cm in length.  This species has a silver body with some black outlines on its dorsal, anal, caudal and pelvic regions.  It is reportedly very difficult to tell the difference between males and females, although females tend to have a rounder belly.  The Bala Shark has a life expectancy of 10 years.

Diet: The Bala Shark is omnivorous and should be offered flakes, live foods – bloodworm, snails and shrimp will suffice – and veggie matter.

Breeding: Balantiocheilos melanopterus, like most sharks, scatter their eggs in nature.  This species should not be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: The Bala Shark will need a big aquarium – at least 150 cm in length, but you should have an even larger one – and plenty of driftwood and rocks.  You will also need to provide spots of thick, dense vegetation.  You should put a cover on your tank to prevent the Bala Shark from jumping straight out of your tank.

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Recommended Compatible Species: This species of shark is actually quite timid, but will eat small invertebrates such as shrimp and snails.  This species, if you are thinking of putting it in a one-species tank, does best in groups of three.

They will live happily with most Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, Corydoras Catfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami (such as the Blue Gouramiand Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also can live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danio and Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish make great tank mates.

Originally posted 2010-01-05 11:13:48. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus elongatus, commonly known as Elongate Hatchetfish, is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is distributed in the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins, as well as parts of Trinidad.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus elongatus can reach a maximum length of 24 cm.  It has a silver colouration, elongated pectoral fins and a tri-lobed caudal fin.  As you would expect given its name, the Elongate Hatchetfish has an elongated body and a forked tail. 

Diet: Triportheus elongatus will probably accept most foods in an aquarium environment.  You might try feeding it a flake alongside a variety of live and frozen foods.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits.  It appears Triportheus elongatus is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus elongatus is a big-sized fish that will need a sizable tank of at least 200 litres, preferably bigger.  You should give it plenty of open swimming space and, if you feel like it, some rocks and plants to simulate its natural environment.  Triportheus elongatus is rarely seen in the aquarium world, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

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Recommended Compatible Species: While there is little information available on Triportheus elongatus, it should only be housed with peaceful, similar-sized fish.  

Originally posted 2010-01-27 01:52:14. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Mormyridae

Distribution: Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus, otherwise known as the double-nosed Elephant Nose, is a species distributed in the affluent River Kasai, in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 24°C (70 – 76F)

Hardness: 3 – 12 dH

Description: Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus can reach a maximum length of 22 cm.  This species, as a Mormyrid, has the distinctive “nose” that gives it its unique and slightly ridiculous common name.  Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus has electro receptors over its head and on its ventral and dorsal areas of its body, but these receptors are absent on the side and the caudal peduncle.

Diet: All Mormyrids have a preference for bloodworms, black worms and tubifex – both live and frozen.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species; presumably it has not been bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus, given its size and similarity to Campylomormyrus cassaicus, should be kept in a tank of at least 55 gallons in volume.  You should provide hiding places in the form of tubes, pipes, pot plants, and plenty of wood; make sure your plants are large and not easily destroyed.  This species is a burrower and will appreciate a fine sand substrate for it to dig in.  Given the lack of information on this species, it should only be attempted by experienced hobbyists.

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Recommended Compatible Species: They will live happily with most Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, Corydoras Catfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami (such as the Blue Gouramiand Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also can live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danio and Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish make great tank mates.

Originally posted 2010-01-05 12:02:25. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The South American species Anostomus spiloclistron is distributed in the Nickerie River basin, Suriname.

PH: 5.0 – 6.0

Temperature: 24 – 28°C (75 – 84°F)

Hardness: 5 – 12 dH

Description: There is little descriptive information on Anostomus spiloclistron available.  This large South American Headstander can reach up to 16 cm in length.  Like other Headstanders, it swims in a bizarre, head-down fashion.

Diet: Most Headstanders are herbivores or detrivores.  However there is no actual information available as to this species’ diet.  This species will most likely accept flake, algae, frozen foods and small live foods such as freeze-dried bloodworms and shrimp.

Breeding: There is little information on this species’ breeding habits.  It most likely breeds in a similar fashion to the rest of the Anostomidae family.

Comments: You should provide this species with a large tank given its size.  Provide roots, plants and caves for effective housing, and room for swimming.  Not much is known about this species in the aquarium world.

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Recommended Compatible Species: The False Three-Spotted Headstander could probably be housed with the same species Anostomus anostomus is compatible with: peaceful cichlids, Rainbowfish, Guppies, Platies, Swordtails, Loaches, Mollies, and Barbs.  However there is no specific information available on this species.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 11:48:54. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Toxotidae

Distribution: Toxotes jaculatrix, commonly known as the Banded Archerfish, is a freshwater and brackish species found throughout Asia and Oceania, specifically from India to the Philippines and south to Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and northern parts of Australia.

PH: 7.0 – 8.0

Temperature: 25°C – 30C (77 – 86F)

Hardness: 18 – 30 dH

Description: In the wild Toxotes jaculatrix can reach a maximum length of 30 cm, but it is generally around the 20 cm mark.   This fish has a flat-top and a dorsal fin that extends backwards, allowing it to hunt at the water’s surface.  Its eyes are huge and located near the front of its head.  This species has a metallic silver colouration and some large black stripes that run down from the top of the body down to about halfway.

Diet: Toxotes jaculatrix should be fed live insects, if possible, as they are its main source of food in the wild.  Flies, spiders, mosquitoes, beetles, earthworms – basically anything you offer will be well received by this species. 

Breeding: This is a tough species to breed, not least because the fish are impossible to sex.  You will have to keep Toxotes jaculatrix in large groups and hope for the best.  The pair will spawn at the surface and lay up to 3000 eggs, which should be transferred to a holding tank to hatch.  The fry, which take about 12 hours to hatch, can be given small insects and floating foods.

Comments: The Banded Archerfish can live in freshwater, but it should be noted that it is a better idea to keep them in a brackish environment for health reasons.  Keep this schooling species in at least a 55 gallon tank and add a sandy substrate to simulate its natural environment.  The tank should be between half and three-quarters full, and you should provide plenty of swimming space and some heavily planted areas with hiding places.  This species requires some moderate care and is not recommended to beginners.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: This peaceful shoaling fish should be kept in large groups and not with large, aggressive tank mates.  You might be able to tank Toxotes jaculatrix with Monos, Scats and small Puffers.

Originally posted 2010-01-26 21:37:16. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Labeo cyclorhynchus (Variegated Shark)
Information will be coming soon

Originally posted 2009-11-06 08:57:51. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus pantanensis is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s Rio Paraguay and the lower Rio Parana basin.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus pantanensis can reach a maximum length of about 16 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a yellowish colouration and a dark snout; some dorsal portions of the head are also dark.  It has 5 – 6 longitudinal brown stripes that splash across the dorso-lateral part of its body.  This species is a recent discovery in comparison to other members of the genus.  It has been referred to, incorrectly, as Triportheus nematurus; the two species are remarkably similar.

Diet: In nature, Triportheus pantanensis will feed mainly on aquatic insects, detritus and vegetal fragments.  This omnivore will presumably take most foods in an aquarium environment, including insects, frozen and dried foods.  . 

Breeding: Unfortunately there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus pantanensis.  It is possible that it has never been bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus pantanensis should be housed in a tank at least 140 litres in volume or larger.  There is scant information available in regards to tank requirements, so it is probably a species best left to those hobbyists with plenty of experience.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus pantanensis something of an unknown quantity in the aquarium hobby as yet, considering it is a recent discovery.  Make sure you are sensible and house it with similar-sized species of a peaceful temperament.

Originally posted 2010-01-27 02:02:15. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Family: Hemidontidae

Distribution: The Striped Hemiodus comes from the Northern section of South America, particularly the upper Juruena River basin (Brazil) and Parana-Paraguay basin.

PH: 5.8 – 7.2 pH

Temperature: 23 – 27°C (73 – 81°F)

Hardness: 5 – 8 dH

Description: The Hemiodus sterni will reach a length of almost 8cm.  It has an elongated, slim body which allows it to dart around the tank quickly.  They are also jumpers.

Hemiodus sterni is rare in the hobby and therefore information is scarce.  Data such as sexual dimorphia, colour, and social habits is therefore unknown.

Diet: The Striped Hemiodus is an easy fish to feed and will accept flakes, pellets, live and frozen foods.  It is also recommended to include vegetable matter within its diet as it apparently relies on such food in the wild.

Breeding: The Hemiodus species are egg spawners.  It is reported that Hemiodus sterni has never been bred in captivity.

Comments: Set up a biotope aquarium for your Hemiodus sterni.  Use a very large tank (due to its size), a few inches of sand as substrate, and driftwood branches and twisted roots to mimic the natural environment.  Also include floating vegetation to enable some dimming of the lights.

It may also feel comfortable in a densely-planted tank of clearwater.  It requires well-oxygenated water and a tightly-fitted cover.

Hemiodus sterni is sensitive to water conditions.

Due to the sensitivity of the Striped Hemiodus to water conditions, and the difficulty in breeding it, this is not recommended for beginners.

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Recommended Compatible Species: It is unknown what species Hemiodus sterni will feel most comfortable with, if any.  They should live happily with other Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They also should be good tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, CorydorasCatfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami(such as the Blue Gouramiand Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also should live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danioand Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish could make great tank mates.

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Family: Hemidontidae

Distribution: The Barred Hemiodus favours the River basins of the Negro, Trombetas, Araguari, Nicherie, Coppename and Oyapock.  It likes the quick-moving waters found in rapids.

PH: 5.8 – 7.2 pH

Temperature: 23 – 27°C (73 – 81°F)

Hardness: 5 – 8 dH

Description: Larger than many found in this region, Hemiodus quadrimaculatus reaches a length of just over 13cm.  It sports three thick, dark stripes vertically down its body.

Hemiodus quadrimaculatus is rare in the hobby and therefore information is scarce.  Data such as sexual dimorphia, colour, and social habits is therefore unknown.

Diet: The Barred Hemiodus is an omnivore and will happily feed on frozen and live foods, as well as flakes and pellets.

Breeding: The Hemiodus species are egg spawners.  It is reported that Hemiodus quadrimaculatus has never been bred in captivity.

Comments: Set up a biotope aquarium for your Hemiodus sterni.  Use a very large tank (due to its size), a few inches of sand as substrate, and driftwood branches and twisted roots to mimic the natural environment.  Also include floating vegetation to enable some dimming of the lights.

It may also feel comfortable in a densely-planted tank of clearwater.  It requires well-oxygenated water and a tightly-fitted cover.

Due to the rarity of not only this sub-species of Hemiodus, but of the entire family, there is very limited information available.  General information pertaining to the Hemidontidae family has been included.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: They should live happily with other Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They also should be good tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, CorydorasCatfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami(such as the Blue Gouramiand Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also should live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danioand Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish could make great tank mates.

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Family: Cyprinidae

Distribution: Displaying a penchant for sandy-bottomed water, Epalzeorhynchos munense are common to the Asian flood plains in Thailand and Indonesia.

PH: 6.5 – 7.0 pH

Temperature: 23 – 28°C (74 – 82°F)

Hardness: 2 – 15 dH

Description: Epalzeorhynchos munense have a black or dark grey body with red or orange fins.  They are almost identical relatives of Epalzeorhynchos frenatum. The two species can be differentiated through their dorsal and pelvic fins: the red fin shark’s dorsal will start ahead of the pelvic, whilst the rainbow shark’s will be even.  The red fin shark will also have black lines on their rear fins.

The male Epalzeorhynchos munense are characterised through their slimmer body and black lines on their anal fins. Like their Epalzeorhynchos relatives, they are territorial and particularly aggressive even towards their own species.  They require plenty of hiding spaces (plants, wood, rock).

They will grow to a maximum of 15cm and thus require a large tank.

Diet: A varied diet of livefood, flakes and fresh vegetables is recommended for the red fin shark; although they are primarily herbivores.

Breeding: Breeding is highly unlikely in captivity due to their aggressiveness towards their own species.

Comments: The aggressiveness of this fish makes it better for aquarist with intermediate or expert experience.

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Recommended Compatible Species: Larger fish with small mouths make good tank mates, such as large gouramis, most barbs (e.g. tiger or tin foil), danios and catfishes (e.g. Corydoras and Plecos).

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus trifurcatus is a benthopelagic freshwater species found in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Brazil.

PH: 6.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 24°C – 27C (75 – 81F)

Hardness: 1 – 18

Description: Triportheus trifurcatus can reach a maximum length of about 17 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a silver-yellowish colouration and 5 – 6 longitudinal stripes on the dorso-lateral section of its body.  It has a blunt head when viewed in profile.  This species’ gill rakers are thin and very close together; its scales are thin and large.

Diet: Triportheus trifurcatus probably eats the same foods as most Triportheus species: insects and invertebrates.  In a tank it will probably accept most foods, including bloodworms, brine shrimp and mosquito larvae. 

Breeding: Unfortunately for hobbyists, there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus trifurcaues as yet.  It appears it is yet to be bred in aquaria.

Comments: Triportheus trifurcatus should be housed in a tank at least 180 litres in volume or larger.  Make sure there are several open swimming areas near the top of your tank.  Floating plants to your tank should be avoided as they will simply be obstacles, but it is essential you create several hiding spaces in the form of driftwood, plants and rocks.  This species appears to be quite rare within the aquarium hobby and is therefore recommended to those with experience.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus trifurcatus should probably be housed with peaceful, middle-bottom dwelling species.  

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus signatus is a benthopelagic freshwater species found in South America’s Parnaiba River basin and in some of Brazil’s north eastern coastal drainages.

PH: 6.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 24°C – 27C (75 – 81F)

Hardness: 1 – 18

Description: Triportheus signatus can reach a maximum length of about 16 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a dark snout and 3 – 4 dark longitudinal stripes present on its dorsal-lateral portion. It also has an upturned mouth and nostrils that are very close together.    

Diet: Triportheus signatus uses its upturned mouth to feed from the surface.  It will eat flakes and insects, but it will probably also accept bloodworms, brine shrimp and mosquito larvae. 

Breeding: Like so many members of its genus, there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus signatus.  It appears it is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus signatus should be housed in a tank at least 180 litres in volume or larger.  You should have plenty of large, open swimming areas near the top of your tank.  Do not add floating plants to your tank as they will simply be obstacles.  Make sure you put in several hiding spaces in the form of driftwood, plants and rocks.  This species appears to be quite rare within the aquarium hobby and is therefore recommended to those with experience.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus signatus, much like Triportheus rotundatus, should probably be housed with peaceful, middle-bottom dwelling species.  

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus nematurus is a benthopelagic freshwater species that is found in South America’s Parana – Paraguay River basin.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus nematurus can reach a maximum length of 18.3 cm.  This deep-bodied species has a silvery-yellow colouration and a dark snout.  It has 5 – 6 brown, longitudinal strips along the scale rows on the dorso-lateral section of its body; its middle caudal-fin rays are exceptionally dark.   

Diet: In the wild, Triportheus nematurus will feed mainly on aquatic insects, detritus and vegetal fragments.  This omnivore will presumably take most foods in an aquarium environment, including insects, frozen and dried foods. 

Breeding: Like so many members of its genus, there is not a great deal of information available on the breeding habits of Triportheus nematurus.  It appears it is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus nematurus should be housed in a tank at least 180 litres in volume, perhaps larger.  There is very little information available in regards to tank requirements, which means it is probably better suited to experienced hobbyists.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus nematurus should be housed with peaceful, similar-sized species that have similar tank requirements, particularly those from the Parana – Paraguay basin.

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Family: Characidae

Distribution: Triportheus angulatus, otherwise known as the Dusky Narrow Hatchetfish, is a river-dwelling species that is distributed in the waters of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela and Ecuador.

PH: 5.0 – 7.5

Temperature: 22°C – 30C (72 – 86F)

Hardness: 0 – 20

Description: Triportheus angulatus males can reach a maximum length of around 16 cm in an aquarium; females can get up to 18 cm.  This species has extremely strong pectoral muscles which enable it to leap from the water to catch prey. If kept alone in a tank, this peaceful species will lose its colouration.    

Diet: Triportheus angulatus feeds upon nekton, crustaceans and plankton in the wild, but will accept live, frozen and dried foods in an aquarium environment.  This omnivore will enjoy a range of fruits, nuts, insects and seeds.

Breeding: There is not a great deal of information available on this species’ breeding habits.  It appears it is yet to be bred in an aquarium environment.

Comments: Triportheus angulatus should be housed in a tank that is at least 110 litres in volume.  You should probably give this top-dwelling species plenty of swimming space as it will often be dwelling just below the water’s surface.  It is also a good idea to add a fair amount of floating vegetation and a sandy substrate.  This species will need a high oxygen concentration in its tank. Remember to put a tight-fitting lid on the top of your tank to stop the fish from jumping out; its pectoral muscles will enable it to leap well clear of the water’s surface.  Triportheus angulatus is difficult – perhaps impossible – to breed, but is otherwise a suitable species for beginners.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Triportheus angulatus can live happily with Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetraand Black Tetra). They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, CorydorasCatfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbaiand Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppyand Platyand most Gourami(such as the Blue Gourami and Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also can live happily with most Danio(particularly the Zebra Danioand Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish make great tank mates. Just make sure the fish you put with your hatchetfish are not small enough to fit in their mouth.

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: Anostomus ternetzi, better known as Headstander, is distributed in the fast-flowing rivers of South America.  It is seen in the Araguaia, Orinoco and Amazon River basis, as well as coastal rivers of Guianas.

PH: 5.5 – 7.5

Temperature: 24 – 28°C (76 – 84°F)

Hardness: 8 – 20 dH

Description: The Headstander, which can reach up to 12 cm in length, has a long, pike-like body.  Its colour can ranges from brown to black and has three yellow stripes that go along its body.  This species has transparent fins, appointed head and an upturned mouth.  You can expect the Headstander to live for 5 – 8 years if looked after properly.

Diet: Anostomus ternetzi is an omnivore and will accept flake, algae and small live foods such as shrimp and bloodworm.  You can also indulge this species with vegetables – lettuce and spinach tend to be well received – and it may take a few bites from your plants.  It is very important to keep algae as a staple diet; it is required to keep the fish in good health.

Breeding: The Headstander is a spawning fish; so far there have been no reported cases of successful breeding in the hobby.  Headstanders, as a rule, are usually best bred by separating the males and females and stacking them up on live foods, before reintroducing them into a prepared, spawning-friendly tank.  You might consider increasing the temperature slightly and covering the aquarium with a towel – in order to create a dark “mood light” and to keep the temperature up – in order to trigger spawning.  Take the parents from the tank once the deed has been done: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You will need to allow this fish quite a lot of space in your aquarium.  About 120 litres is a good volume for 4 – 5 Headstanders.  Make sure you cover the top of your tank, as this fish can quite often jump straight out.  This is an interesting and visually appealing fish, but beginners should not attempt to breed it as it is a near-impossible task.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: This species can be territorial at times and you should house them in groups of six to avoid clashes.  Headstanders can be housed with peaceful cichlids or short-finned characins.

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The species Anostomus longus is distributed throughout the upper Amazon region of Peru, South America.

PH: 6.0 – 7.0

Temperature: 24 – 27°C (75 – 81°F)

Hardness: 3 – 16 dH

Description: There is little information on Anostomus longus within the hobby.  It has many similarities to – and is in fact a sub-species of – Anostomus anostomus.

Diet: We can presume that this species, like Anostomus anostomus, is an omnivore and will accept flake, algae, frozen foods and small live foods such as freeze-dried bloodworms and shrimp.  However there is no actual information available as to this species’ diet.

Breeding: There is little information on this species’ breeding habits.  It most likely breeds in a similar fashion to Anostomus anostomus.  You should separate the males and females and stacking them up on live foods, before reintroducing them into a prepared, spawning-friendly tank.  Spawning might be triggered by raising temperatures ever so slightly.  Be careful: parents have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You should provide this species with at least a 50 gallon tank.  You can choose to decorate your tank with driftwood, rocks and roots.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: Like Anostomus anostomus, Anostomus longus could probably be housed with peaceful cichlids, Rainbowfish, Guppies, Platies, Swordtails, Loaches, Mollies, and Barbs.

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The species Anostomus intermedius is distributed throughout Brazil’s Xingu River basin.

PH: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Hardness: N/A

Description: There is little information on Anostomus intermedius within the hobby.

Diet: N/A

Breeding: There is little information on this species’ breeding habits.  It most likely breeds in a similar fashion to Anostomus anostomus.  You might consider increasing the temperature slightly and covering the aquarium with a towel – this will keep the temperature up and hopefully trigger spawning.  Take the parents from the tank once the deed has been done: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You should provide this species with at least a 50 gallon tank.  You can choose to decorate your tank with driftwood, rocks and roots.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: There is no information available at the moment, but this species, like Anostomus anostomus, could probably be housed with peaceful cichlids, Rainbowfish, Guppies, Platies, Swordtails, Loaches, Mollies, and Barbs.

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Family: Anostomidae

Distribution: The species Anostomus brevior is distributed in shallow rivers and creeks, specifically the Oyapock River basin in French Guiana.

PH: 5.0 – 6.0

Temperature: N/A

Hardness: N/A

Description: Anostomus brevior will generally reach around 12 cm in length. This species is less commonly seen in the aquarium world than other Anostomidae.  It is quite abundant in the wild and swims with his head pointed downwards.

Diet: Anostomus brevior is a big algae eater in the wild.  While there is no specific information available on this species’ diet, it is likely to accept flake, algae, frozen foods and small live foods such as freeze-dried bloodworms and shrimp.

Breeding: There is little information on this species’ breeding habits.  It most likely breeds in a similar fashion to Anostomus anostomus.  You should separate the males and females and feed them live foods for a few weeks before reintroducing them to – hopefully – spawn.  Take the parents from the tank once the deed has been done: they have a tendency to eat the eggs.

Comments: You should provide this species with at least a 50 gallon tank.  Given this species’ size and similarity to Anostomus anostomus, it may be a good idea to decorate your tank with driftwood, rocks and roots.

Article/Books

Recommended Compatible Species: There is no information available at the moment, but it is assumed they will live happily with most Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetraand Black Tetra). They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, CorydorasCatfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppyand Platyand most Gourami(such as the Blue Gourami and Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also can live happily with most Danio(particularly the Zebra Danioand Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish make great tank mates.

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Family: Hemiramphidae

Distribution: Dermogenys pusillus, better known as Wrestling Halfbeak, is found in Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, Bangladesh and India.  It is distributed in medium-large rivers and stagnant waters, particularly in areas that have floating plants.

PH: 7.0 – 8.0

Temperature: 24°C – 28°C (75 – 84F)

Hardness: 9 – 19 dH

Description: Dermogenys pusillus can reach up to 16 cm in length.  This slender, elongated species has the appearance of a Silver Needle Nose Gar, if it were shrunken.  Males have yellow aspects to their tail and a modified pectoral fin, and a gonopodium which it uses to inseminate the female.  Females are duller in colouration and lack the yellow aspects and modified pectoral fin.  It is called a “Halfbeak” thanks to an elongated lower jaw, while the “wrestling” name is attributed to the males and their propensity to lock jaws and fight.

Diet: Dermogenys pusillus is a carnivore and will enjoy mosquito larvae, bloodworms, insects, brine shrimp and crustaceans.  In an aquarium environment, however, you will find this species accepts most foods.

Breeding: This live-bearing species will require good food for effective spawning.  The gestation period will last around eight weeks.  The fry is usually high in numbers and will accept flake food; the fry will also be born without a beak. The beak will develop in time, however.

Comments: The Wrestling Halfbeak will need plenty of area in its tank.  You should put in a host of floating plants and roots that reach the surface; the females will appreciate these areas when spawning occurs.  This species should be tanked in an aquarium of at least 25 gallons in volume.  This species may seem easy to look after – it is able to live in fresh, brackish and salt water – but it is reportedly tricky to look after.  It is recommended to those with some experience in the hobby.

Article/Books:

Recommended Compatible Species: Dermogenys pusillus can be kept in a community tank with other non-aggressive species.   They will live happily with most Tetra species (particularly the Neon Tetra and Black Tetra). They are also great tank mates with Discus, Apistogramma‘s like Apistogramma Cacatouides and Apistogramma Borelli, Corydoras Catfish  (particularly Corydoras Sterbai and Corydoras aeneus) Angelfish, Clown loach, the common Guppy and Platy and most Gourami (such as the Blue Gourami and Dwarf Gourami like the Honey Gourami) Also can live happily with most Danio (particularly the Zebra Danio and Pearl Danio)  and also many Killifish make great tank mates. Males can be territorial; be wary if housing Dermogenys pusillus in a one-species tank.  Avoid keeping more than one male in a tank.

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Monocirrhus polyacanthus (South American Leaf Fish)
Information will be coming soon

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